Umxholo
- Ukukhetha oomama
- Ukunikezela ngelungelo lokugcina omnye umntu ngaphandle komzali
- Imiba yokukhusela abazali abaphumayo
- Ukugcinwa kwabantwana kunye nabazali besini esifanayo
Ukuba abazali abaqhawula umtshato banokufikelela kwisivumelwano kwisicwangciso sokuba ngumzali esibonakala sisengqiqweni, ijaji iya kuyamkela. Kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha abazali bengakwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano, ijaji kufuneka ibenzele izigqibo zokuba ngabazali, ngokusekelwe koku kulandelayo:
- Umdla onomdla wabantwana;
- Nguwuphi umzali onokuthi abonelele abantwana ngendawo ezinze ngakumbi; kwaye
- Nguwuphi umzali onokukhuthaza ngcono ubudlelwane babantwana nomnye umzali.
Ukukhetha oomama
Kumaxesha adluleyo, yayiqhelekile into yokuba iinkundla zinike umama ilungelo lokugcina abantwana abaselula kakhulu xa abazali beqhawula umtshato okanye bohlukene. Lo mthetho ubukhulu becala uyekisiwe okanye usetyenziswa kuphela njengesikrelemnqa xa bobabini abazali befuna ukugcinwa kwabantwana babo abasaqala isikolo. Kwinkoliso yamazwe, iinkundla ngoku zinikezela ngelungelo lokugcina umntwana ngokusekwe kuphela kwiminqweno yabantwana, ngaphandle kwesini somzali.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nangona kunjalo, nokuba ngaphandle komyalelo wenkundla, uninzi lwabazali abaqhawula umtshato nabantwana abancinci banquma ukuba ngumama kuphela onelungelo lokugcina abantwana, notata onwabele ixesha elifanelekileyo lotyelelo elandayo njengoko abantwana bekhula mdala.
Konke okuthethwayo, xa umama ongatshatanga enomntwana, umama usenelungelo lokugcina loo mntwana ngokusemthethweni de inkundla ithethe ngenye indlela.
Ukunikezela ngelungelo lokugcina omnye umntu ngaphandle komzali
Ngamanye amaxesha akukho mzali ukulungeleyo ukugcina abantwana, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ingxaki yempilo yengqondo. Xa oku kunjalo, inkundla inganikezela ngelungelo lokugcina abantwana komnye umntu ongenguye umzali — ngokufuthi, utatomkhulu notatomkhulu — othi ke ngoko abe ngumgcini osemthethweni wabantwana. Ukuba isizalwane asifumaneki, umntwana angathunyelwa kwikhaya lokugcina abantwana okanye kwiziko likarhulumente.
Imiba yokukhusela abazali abaphumayo
Abazali abaphuma bamshiya abantwana nomnye umzali bahlala benengxaki yokufumana kwakhona ilungelo lokugcina kamva. Nokuba umzali uye wemka ukuphuma kwimeko eyingozi okanye engonwabisiyo, into yokuba eshiye abantwana kunye nomnye umzali ithumela umyalezo enkundleni ukuba omnye umzali lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokugcina umzimba. Yiyo loo nto ijaji isenokuba madolw 'anzima ukufudusa abantwana, ukuba iya kuhlala ingaphazamisi iindlela zabantwana.
Ukugcinwa komntwana kunye nokuqhelana ngokwesondo kwabazali
Sisithili saseColumbia kuphela esinomthetho ezincwadini zaso esithi ulwalamano lomzali ngesondo alunakuba yiyo kuphela into ethatha isigqibo malunga nelungelo lokugcina okanye lokundwendwela. Kumazwe ambalwa — kuquka iAlaska, iCalifornia, iNew Mexico, nePennsylvania — iinkundla zigwebe ukuba ubufanasini bomzali, bebodwa, abunakuba zizizathu zokuba angavunyelwa ukuba abe nelungelo lokugcina umntwana okanye lokumtyelela.
Kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, iinkundla ziye zagweba ukuba iijaji zinokulikhaba ilungelo lokugcina okanye ukutyelela ngenxa yokuziphatha komzali ngokwesondo, kodwa kuphela xa befumanisa ukuba indlela akhetha ngayo umzali iya kuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo-ntle yomntwana.
Inyani yile, nangona kunjalo, abazali abathandana nabathandana nabathandana namanye amadoda basenokuba nexesha elinzima ukuzama ukufumana ilungelo lokugcina kwigumbi leenkundla, ngakumbi ukuba loo mzali uhlala neqabane. Kungenxa yokuba iijaji zihlala ziphenjelelwa zizigqibo zabo okanye zomntu ngamnye xa bejonga okona kulungileyo komntwana, kwaye banokujonga izizathu ezingezizo ezesondo zomzali zokwala ilungelo lokugcina okanye ukutyelela ngokufanelekileyo.
Nawuphi na umzali we-LGBT ojongana nemeko yokugcina abantwana ekhuphisanayo kufuneka aqhagamshelane negqwetha elinamava ngoncedo.
Ukugcinwa kwabantwana kunye nabazali besini esifanayo
Kubazali besini esifanayo abatshatileyo okanye ababhaliswe kumtshato olingana nomtshato, imicimbi yokugcina abantwana iya kuphathwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo yeyabantu abatshatileyo. Inkundla iya kuwahlonipha amalungelo abazali bobabini kwaye yenze izigqibo zokugcina kunye nokutyelela ngokwesiseko somdla womntwana.
Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ngakumbi xa umzali omnye kuphela kwisini esinye nesini enamalungelo asemthethweni. Le yinto eqhelekileyo xa umzekelo:
- Elinye iqabane lamkela njengomntu ongatshatanga ukuba lijikeleze imigaqo yokwamkelwa kwabasetyhini abathandanayo besini esinye;
- Umama ongungqingili uzala kwimeko apho ubudlelwane besi sibini abuqwalaselwa khona ukuze iqabane lakhe lingathathwa njengomzali osemthethweni; okanye
- Isibini siqala ubudlelwane emva kokuzalwa komntwana kwaye umzali wesibini akangomzali osemthethweni.
Iinkundla zahluka kakhulu kumalungelo okugcina nelokundwendwela komzali wesibini kwezi meko. Kwamanye amazwe, iinkundla ziye zagweba ukuba umntu oseke ubudlelwane phakathi komzali nomntwana ngokwasemzimbeni nomlingane womntwana unelungelo lokundwendwelwa kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, nokuba semthethweni njengomzali.
Kwamanye amazwe, iinkundla azibamkeli abazali be-nonbiological kwaphela ngenxa yokungabikho kobudlelwane bemfuza okanye obusemthethweni nomntwana.Imeko yangoku yomthetho ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ayithembekanga, kwaye elona khondo linokuthenjwa kukulamla isivumelwano nomnye umzali endaweni yokuya enkundleni ulwe ngabantwana obakhulisileyo kunye.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemithetho yokugcina abantwana kwilizwe lakho, nxibelelana negqwetha lomthetho wosapho ukuze ufumane uncedo.