Umxholo
- Ngeminyaka yee-1900
- Ngeminyaka yee-1920
- Ngeminyaka yee-1940
- Ngeminyaka yee-1950
- Ngeminyaka yoo-1960
- Ngeminyaka yee-1980
- Ngo-2000
Iingcebiso zobudlelwane esizifumana namhlanje zilungile, zinobulungisa kwaye zinengcinga. Kukho abantu abazinikeleyo-abanyangi, abacebisi kunye noochwephesha, abathi emva kokufumana ulwazi olunzulu malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu kunye nobudlelwane, banike ingcebiso ngononophelo kwizibini ezinengxaki malunga nendlela yokoyisa iingxaki zabo. Nokuba ulwazi oluqhelekileyo malunga nobudlelwane ekwabelwana ngabo kumaqonga oluntu afana namaphephandaba, iiwebhusayithi ezikwi-intanethi kunye neemagazini ziyaxhaswa luphando oluthembekileyo kunye nezifundo.
Kodwa khange kube kunje ngonaphakade. Iingcebiso zobudlelwane ikakhulu zibunjwe yimeko yenkcubeko. Namhlanje abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba abantu basetyhini bafanelwe amalungelo alinganayo, unyango olulinganayo kunye namathuba alinganayo njengamadoda. Kodwa kumashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo, abasetyhini babengenalungelo lokulingana, bajongene nocalucalulo olukhulu. Inkolelo edumileyo yayikukuba, abantu basetyhini kufuneka bazithobe emadodeni kwaye uxanduva lwabo kuphela kufuneka ibe kukungxolisa amadoda abo kwaye banikezele ubomi babo kwimisebenzi yamakhaya abo. Useto lwenkcubeko kunye nenkqubo yokucinga yabantu ibonakalisiwe kwingcebiso yobudlelwane enikwe ngelo xesha.
Ngeminyaka yee-1900
Kwiminyaka ye-1900, uluntu lwethu lwalukwinqanaba eliphambili kakhulu. Amadoda kulindeleke ukuba asebenze kwaye afumane imali kwiintsapho zawo. Abasetyhini bekufanele ukuba benze imisebenzi yasekhaya kwaye bakhulise abantwana. Ngokwencwadi eyabhalwa ngo-1902, nguEmma Frances Angell Drake ebizwa ngokuba "Yintombazana ekufuneka uyazi" umfazi kwakufuneka anikezele ubomi bakhe ekukhulelweni nasekubelekeni, ngaphandle kwayo wayengenalungelo lokubizwa ngokuba ngumfazi.
Ngeminyaka yee-1920
Eli shumi leminyaka lingqina lombutho wabasetyhini, abafazi baqala ukufuna inkululeko. Bafuna ilungelo lokulandela usukelo lwabo kwaye bangasebenzisi nje ubomi babo bethwala ukuba ngumama kunye noxanduva lwasekhaya. Inkolelo yabasetyhini yaqala umbutho wenkululeko, baqala ukuphuma, ukuthandana, ukudanisa kunye nokusela.
Imifanekiso ngoncedo: www.humancondition.com
Isizukulwana esidala ngokucacileyo asizange siyamkele le nto kwaye saqala "ukuhlazisa islut" kwabasetyhini. Iingcebiso zobudlelwane ngabantu ababelondolozwe ngelo xesha zazijolise kwindlela embi ngayo le nkcubeko kunye nendlela abantu ababhinqileyo ababewonakalisa ngayo umtshato.
Nangona kunjalo bekukho utshintsho olukhulu kwinkcubeko kuluntu. Eli xesha libone ukunyuka kwemitshato yamva kunye noqhawulo-mtshato.
Ngeminyaka yee-1940
Ngeminyaka yee-1920 kwabakho uphuculo olukhulu kwezoqoqosho kodwa kwathi kuphela iminyaka elishumi uqoqosho lwehlabathi lwangena nzulu kuXinezeleko Olukhulu. Ubufazi buthathe isihlalo sangasemva kwaye kugxilwe kutshintshelwa kwiingxaki ezinzima ngakumbi.
Ngo-1940 phantse zonke iziphumo zokuxhotyiswa kwabasetyhini zaziphelile. Iingcebiso zobudlelwane ezijolise kubafazi zaziphinda zihoye amakhaya abo. Ngeli xesha ngokwenyani ubundlobongela benyuka kunye nalo lonke uzuko lwalo. Abasetyhini bacetyisiwe ukuba bangakhathaleli kuphela imisebenzi yasekhaya kunye nabantwana, bacetyiswa ukuba bondle ukuzithemba kwamadoda abo. Inkolelo ethandwayo yayikukuba ‘amadoda kwakufuneka asebenze nzima kwaye kwakufuneka ahlupheke ngokwaneleyo kwimivumbo kwi-ego yabo evela kubaqeshi bawo. Yayiluxanduva lomfazi ukukhulisa isimilo sabo ngokubathobela. '
Imifanekiso ngoncedo: www.nydailynews.com
Ngeminyaka yee-1950
Indawo yabasetyhini kuluntu nakwikhaya iya isiba mandundu ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Babecinezelwe kwaye bevalelwe ukuba benze imisebenzi emva kweendonga zezindlu zabo. Abacebisi bezobudlelwane basasaza ingcinezelo yabasetyhini ngokukhuthaza umtshato "njengomsebenzi wabasetyhini". Batsho ukuba abantu basetyhini akufuneki bafune imisebenzi ngaphandle kwamakhaya abo kuba mininzi imisebenzi ngaphakathi kumakhaya abo ekufanele ukuba bayayinyamekela.
Imifanekiso ngoncedo: photobucket.com
Eli shumi leminyaka lavula nendlela yokucinga ukuba impumelelo yomtshato luxanduva lwabafazi ngokupheleleyo. Yayithetha ukuba xa indoda ikopela, yahlukana okanye yawuqhawula umtshato nenkosikazi yayo, isizathu kuya kufuneka senze into eyenziwe ngumfazi wayo.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960
Ngoo-1960 abafazi baphinde baqala ukuziphindezela ngokuchasene noluntu kunye nocinezelo lwasekhaya. Inqaku lesibini lobufazi laqala kwaye abafazi baqala ukufuna ilungelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kwamakhaya abo, balandele ukhetho lwabo lomsebenzi. Imicimbi yomtshato we-Graver enje ngokuxhatshazwa kwasekhaya eyayingafakwanga ngaphambili yaqala ukuxoxwa.
Imifanekiso ngoncedo: tavaana.org/en
Umbutho wenkululeko yabasetyhini waba nefuthe lawo kwiingcebiso ngobudlelwane. Izindlu ezinkulu zokupapasha zashicilela amanqaku eengcebiso ababengabafazi-abangamadoda kwaye babengengabo abesini. Kwaqala ukusasazwa kwezimvo ezinje ngala, "intombazana ayiyityali inkwenkwe ukuba iyithengele okuthile".
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960 ukubekwa amabala okunxulunyaniswa nokuthetha ngesini nako kuye kwancipha. Ingcebiso malunga nesondo kunye nempilo yesondo yaqala ukuboniswa kumaqonga eendaba ahlukeneyo. Ngokubanzi uluntu luqale ukuchitha ezinye ze-conservatism ngeli xesha.
Ngeminyaka yee-1980
Ngo-1980 abafazi babeqalile ukusebenza ngaphandle kwamakhaya abo. Iingcebiso zobudlelwane bezingasagxili kwimisebenzi nakwimisebenzi yokuba ngumama. Kodwa umxholo wokunyusa i-ego yamadoda ngandlela thile usasebenza. Iingcali zokuthandana zacebisa amantombazana ukuba enze 'ukungazithembi nokuzithemba' ukuze inkwenkwe abayithandayo izive bhetele ngeziqu zabo.
Imifanekiso ngoncedo: www.redbookmag.com
Nangona kunjalo iingcebiso zobudlelwane ezilungileyo ezinje 'ngokuba nguwe' kwaye 'ungazitshintshi kwiqabane lakho' nazo zabelwana ngokufanayo.
Ngo-2000
Ngo-2000 ubudlelwane beengcebiso baba yinkqubela phambili ngakumbi. Iinkxalabo ezinzulu malunga nobudlelwane nolwaneliseko ngokwesondo, imvume kunye nentlonipho zaqala ukuxoxwa.
Nangona nanamhlanje ayizizo zonke iingcebiso zobudlelwane ezingenazo iingcinga ezithandwayo kunye nesini, kodwa intlalo nenkcubeko ziye zavela kwindaleko enkulu kwinkulungwane edlulileyo kwaye uninzi lweziphene kwiingcebiso zobudlelwane ziye zacinywa ngempumelelo.