Umxholo
- Izinto ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokukhulelwa
- Cocaine
- Intsangu
- Ukutshaya nokukhulelwa
- Utywala kunye nokukhulelwa
- Bakwasemngciphekweni wokuphucula ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
- Amabango akutshanje
Oomama bafuna okona kulungileyo kubantwana babo. Kungenxa yoko le nto betshintsha indlela yabo yokuphila, batya ukutya okusempilweni, bafunda iincwadi ezininzi zokukhulelwa kunye nokuba ngumzali, kwaye benza iitoni zokulungiselela xa belindele.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo banyamezela utshintsho olukhulu olwenzeka kwimizimba yabo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, inkanuko engalawulekiyo, kunye neehomoni ezonakalisa imeko yabo yomzimba nengqondo.
Batyelela ikliniki ukuze babeke iliso rhoqo ngaphambi kokubeleka kunye nezikeni ze-ultrasound kunye nezinye iimviwo zonyango. Benza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana osempilweni ukhula kakuhle.
Kodwa kule minyaka idlulileyo, kuye kwakho ukwanda kwendlela abasetyhini abasebenzisa ngayo iziyobisi notywala kunye nomsi ngelixa bekhulelwe. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, yonke into ethathwa ngumama okhulelweyo emzimbeni wakhe phantse ihlala ifikelela emntwaneni kwisibeleko sakhe.
Nokuba kukutya okunezakha-mzimba kunye nezongezo okanye izinto ezinobungozi ezinje nge-nicotine, utywala, kunye neziyobisi, nantoni na engena kwimizimba yomfazi okhulelweyo inokuchaphazela umntwana ongekazalwa.
Ukuvezwa kwezi zinto ziyingozi kunokuba neziphumo ezibi, ngamanye amaxesha zibulale, kwimveku engekazalwa, kunye nakumama okhulelweyo.
Izinto ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokukhulelwa
Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, kubandakanya icocaine kunye ne-methamphetamine, ziyaziwa ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emzimbeni, kubandakanya ukonakala kwamalungu ngokusisigxina, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu, isifo sengqondo kunye nokulutha.
Kwimveku esakhulayo, ukubhencwa kwiziyobisi kunokubangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu emzimbeni nasengqondweni okunokubakhubaza ubomi babo bonke okanye ukubabulala kwangethuba.
Cocaine
I-Cocaine, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-coke, coca, okanye i-flake, inokubangela ukonakala kwangoko kunye nexesha lokuphila komntwana. Iintsana ezichanabeke kweli chiza lisesibelekweni kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule zinesiphene emzimbeni kunye nengqondo.
Iintsana ezivezwe zi-cocoaine zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhubazeka okusisigxina kokuzalwa okuhlala kuchaphazela indlela yokuchama kunye nentliziyo, kunye nokuzalwa kunye neentloko ezincinci, ezinokubonisa i-IQ esezantsi.
Ukuvezwa kwecocaine nako kunokubangela ukubetha, okunokuphelisa ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo okanye ukufa komntwana.
Kumfazi okhulelweyo, ukusebenzisa icocaine kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhamba kwesisu kwangoko xa ukhulelwe kunye nasemsebenzini kunye nokuhanjiswa nzima kwinqanaba elizayo. Xa usana luzelwe, banokuba nesisindo sokuzalwa esisezantsi kwaye babe nomsindo ogqithisileyo kwaye kube nzima ukondla.
Intsangu
Ukutshaya intsangu okanye ukungenisa nangaluphi na uhlobo akukho ngcono.
Intsangu (ekwabizwa ngokuba lukhula, imbiza, idope, imifuno, okanye i-hash) yaziwa ngokuba nefuthe lengqondo kumsebenzisi. Ikhuthaza imeko yovuyo, apho umsebenzisi eziva onwabile kwaye nokungabikho kwentlungu, kodwa ikwabangela utshintsho lwequbuliso, ukusuka kulonwabo ukuya koxinzelelo, ukuphumla ukuya kwiparanoia.
Kwiintsana ezingekazalwa, ukubhencwa kwentsangu ngexesha labo kwisibeleko sikanina kunokubangela ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwabo ebusaneni nakwinqanaba lokugqibela lobomi babo.
Kukho iziqwenga zobungqina ezibonisa ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwentsangu ngaphambi kokubeleka kunokubangela ukukhula kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana.
Iintsana ezizalwa ngabasetyhini abasebenzisa i-cannabis ngexa lokukhulelwa kufunyaniswe ukuba "batshintshe iimpendulo kwimbonakalo ebonakalayo, bandise ukungcangcazela, kunye nesikhalo esiphakamileyo, esinokubonisa iingxaki ekukhuleni kwemithambo-luvo," ngokweNational Institute on Drug Abuse's (okanye iiNIDA) Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwiNgxelo yoPhando lwaBasetyhini.
Iintsana eziveze intsangu nazo zinokuphuhlisa iimpawu zokurhoxa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwentsangu xa zikhula.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo bakwanamathuba ama-2.3 okuba basenokuzalwa. Akukho zifundo zabantu ezinxibelelanisa intsangu nokuphuma kwesisu, kodwa izifundo kwizilwanyana ezikhulelweyo zifumene umngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuphuma kwesisu kunye nentsangu ekusebenziseni kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.
Ukutshaya nokukhulelwa
Ukutshaya umdiza kunokubulala abantu kwaye kubangele nomhlaza.
Usana olungekazalwa alukhululwanga kwiziphumo eziyingozi zokutshaya kukanina. Kuba umama kunye nosana olungekazalwa banxibelelene nge-placenta kunye ne-umbilical cord, umbungu ukwabamba inicotine kunye ne-carcinogenic chemicals ezivela kwisigarethe umama atshayayo.
Ukuba oku kwenzeka kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, umntwana ongekho mngciphekweni unomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhula kweziphene zentliziyo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neziphene ze-septal, eziyimingxunya phakathi kwamagumbi wentliziyo asekhohlo nawasekunene.
Uninzi lwabantwana abazelwe benesifo sentliziyo esibelekweni abaphili kunyaka wabo wokuqala wobomi. Abo baphilayo baya kuphila ubomi bokubeka iliso kunyango kunye nonyango, amayeza kunye notyando.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo abatshayayo banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ze-placenta, ezinokuthi zithintele ukuhanjiswa kwezondlo kumntwana ongekho siswini, okukhokelela kubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi, ukubeleka ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye nosana olukhula inkalakahla.
Ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukwanxulunyaniswa nesifo sokufa kweentsana ngequbuliso (i-SIDS), kunye nomonakalo osisigxina kwingqondo nemiphunga yomntwana, kunye neentsana ezine-colic.
Utywala kunye nokukhulelwa
Isifo se-fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS) kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-fetal alcohol spectrum (FASD) ziingxaki ezenzeka kwiintsana ezichaphazeleke etywaleni ngexesha lazo esibelekweni.
Iintsana ezine-FAS ziya kukhula ngobuso obungaqhelekanga, ukusilela kokukhula, kunye neengxaki kwinkqubo ye-nervous system.
Bakwasemngciphekweni wokuphucula ukukhubazeka ekufundeni
Kubandakanya ezichaphazela ixesha labo lokujonga kunye nokuphazamiseka okusebenzayo, ukulibaziseka kwintetho kunye nolwimi, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, umbono kunye nemicimbi yokuva, kunye nengxaki yentliziyo, yezintso kunye neethambo.
Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezinokufunwa ngamanye amaziko, iZiko laseMelika lokuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC) litsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba akukho "sixa sikhuselekileyo sokuselwa kotywala" kunye "nexesha elikhuselekileyo lokusela utywala" ngexa lokukhulelwa.
Utywala, umsi wecuba, kunye neziyobisi, ezibonakalise ukuba neziphumo ezibi kubantu abakhule ngokupheleleyo, ziyingozi ngakumbi kwimveku engekazalwa. Umama okhulelweyo unxulunyaniswa nomntwana wakhe ongekazalwa ngeplasenta kunye nakwinkamba yesibeleko.
Ukuba uyatshaya, uyasela utywala, usebenzisa iziyobisi, okanye uzenza zontathu ezi zinto, usana lwakhe esesibelekweni nalo lufumana oko likuthathayo — inikotini, izinto ezisebenza ngengqondo, notywala. Ngelixa umfazi okhulelweyo enokuthi afumane iimpembelelo ezithile ezincinci kunye nezo zinkulu, usana lwakhe phantse ngalo lonke ixesha luqinisekisiwe ukuba luza kuba neziphumo ezibi eziya kuba luxanduva kubo ubomi babo bonke.
Amabango akutshanje
Izixhobo ezininzi kunye nabantu abahamba njengeengcali zonyango baye babanga kutshanje ukuba ukutya okuncinci okanye okucokisekileyo kokutya, njengotywala, ngekhe kube neziphumo ezibi kumama olindelekileyo kunye nosana olungekazalwa.
Okwangoku, akukho phando lwaneleyo ukubuyisela eli bango. Njengokuthintela ukhuseleko, iingcali zonyango ezinokuthenjwa nezinamava zincomela ukunqanda naluphi na uhlobo lweziyobisi (nokuba zezomthetho okanye ezingekho mthethweni), utywala necuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa.