Umxholo
- Imithetho engqongqo yeqabane lokufika
- Imeko yokuhlala ichaphazela izigqibo zokugcinwa komntwana
- Ukuba iqabane lakho lihlala isigxina
- Ukuba uxhase iqabane lakho
- Ukuba utyhola iqabane lakho ngokutshata ngokufumana ikhadi eliluhlaza
Ukutshata nommi wedwa, ngokuqinisekileyo akuniki mthethweni kummi wasemzini. Nangona kunjalo, umtshato osemthethweni -ongayenzelwanga ukufumana ikhadi lakho eliluhlaza- unokunika ithuba lokuma ngokusemthethweni kwezinye iimeko.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, uqhawulo-mtshato luza neziphumo ezininzi, kodwa oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abatshatileyo. Abafuduki abavela kulo naliphi na ilizwe banamalungelo asemthethweni afanayo nabemi baseU.S- ubuncinci malunga nomtshato noqhawulo mtshato.
Ukwahlukana nomntu ovela kwelinye ilizwe phantse ibe yinkqubo efanayo nokuqhawula ummi. Eyona nto ixhalabisayo kukuba iqabane lakho lifumene ubumi okanye ikhadi eliluhlaza ngomtshato, ukuba iqabane lakho ngummi wase-US ngomtshato, baneenkcazo ezinzulu zokwenza.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke noqhawulo mtshato, nanga amanye amagama aphambili ekufuneka sixoxe ngawo.
1. Abangabaphambukeli: Lo mntu ukwilizwe ixesha elinomda kunye nenjongo ethile, enjengokhenketho, umsebenzi okanye isifundo.
2. Umhlali ngokusisigxina ngokusemthethweni (LPR): Lo ayingommi onikwe imvume yokuhlala nokusebenza kwilizwe lakho ngokusisigxina. Ubungqina benqanaba le-LPR baziwa ngokuba “likhadi eliluhlaza.” Kucelwa uqaphele ukuba i-LPR efanelekileyo inokufaka isicelo sokuba ngummi.
3. Umhlali phantsi kwemiqathango: Lo ngumntu onikwe ikhadi eliluhlaza okweminyaka emibini nje kuphela esekwe emtshatweni, ekufuneka ehlangabezana neemeko ezithile phambi kokuba abe ngumhlali ngokusisigxina.
4. Abaphambukeli abangenazo iimpepha: Lo ngumntu ongene kweli lizwe ngokungekho mthethweni ("ngaphandle kohlolo okanye isetifikethi") okanye uhlale ngaphaya komhla ogunyazisiweyo (umntu ongengowemzini angajika umphambukeli ongenamaphepha ukuba uhlala ngaphaya kwexesha elichaziweyo). Indlela yokungena ibalulekile umahluko kuba uninzi lwabaphambukeli abangenele ngaphandle kohlolo bathintelwe ekubeni ngabahlali ngokusisigxina ngokusemthethweni okanye kwanabahlali abanemiqathango nokuba batshate nommi ngaphandle kokuba bakulungele ukufumana ukurhoxiswa kobunzima.
Imithetho engqongqo yeqabane lokufika
Kumlingane ovela kwelinye ilizwe, umthetho wokwahlukana kwesizwe ushiya iqabane lakho linemiqobo ekhethekileyo yokufumana ikhaya elingunaphakade. Umlingane wakho ovela kwelinye ilizwe ofuna ukugqiba ukuhlala ngokungenasiphelo kufuneka afune oko kubizwa ngokuba kukuyekelela. Isizathu sokurhoxiswa siqinile kwaye sibandakanya ukubonisa ukuba umtshato ungenwe eluthandweni hayi ikhadi eliluhlaza, ubunzima obungaqhelekanga buya kubakho ukuba isibheno besingeyonyani, okanye ukuba umlingane wobomi bokuhlala ubethwe nguwe.
Ubungqina obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba umtshato ubuyinyani ubandakanya ukuba esi sibini sinomntwana kunye, saya kumtshato wokucebisa, okanye sinepropathi edibeneyo.
Imeko yokuhlala ichaphazela izigqibo zokugcinwa komntwana
Wena, iqabane elingummi, unokuzama ukusebenzisa imeko yomphambukeli engenamaphepha njengelever kumiselo lokugcina. Imithetho yokugcinwa kukarhulumente ngokubanzi ibandakanya imeko yokufudukela komnye wabazali okanye yabantwana njengento ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ekumiseleni ilungelo lokugcina umntwana.
Kananjalo, iijaji zenkundla yosapho kumlo wokugcina phakathi kommi wase-US kunye nabaphambukeli abangenazo iimpepha zinokuba nzima ekusetyenzisweni komgaqo-nkqubo "wokona kulungileyo komntwana" xa umzali engenamaphepha ephantsi kwesoyikiso sokususwa (oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ummi afumane ukugcinwa umntwana, nokuba ungathini).
Ukuba iqabane lakho lihlala isigxina
Ukuba iqabane lakho ngumhlali osemthethweni ngokusemthethweni (LPR), iintsuku zabo zokukhathazeka ziphelile. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli esele bavunyelwe ukuba babe ngabemi abasisigxina elizweni (kodwa hayi ngokwendalo) akufuneki bakhathazeke de kube nini xa befaka izicelo zokuba ngabahlali abasemthethweni kwelo lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha ahlukeneyo okuhlala ekufuneka esebenze ngaphambi kokuba bacele ukwenziwa kwendalo.
Ukuba umhlali osisigxina utshatele kubemi base-US, umgaqo-nkqubo wesiqhelo weminyaka emithathu uyasebenza; ukuba akatshatanga ngummi wase-US, umgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo wexesha leminyaka emihlanu usasebenza.
Ukuba uxhase iqabane lakho
Ukuba ungummi wase-U.S. Oxhase isicelo sokungena kwelinye iqabane lakho kwaye ngubani oqhubeka neenkqubo zoqhawulo-mtshato, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukunqanda uxanduva lwezezimali kwiqabane lakho.
Kuya kufuneka uqale ngokurhoxisa inkxaso-mali kuyo nayiphi na inkundla yomthetho ekufuphi kuwe, kwaye kuya kufuneka wenze inkqubo yokurhoxiswa kwengxelo efungelweyo yangaphambili yenkxaso.
Kuya kufuneka uqaphele ukuba uxanduva lwezezimali luyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuba iqabane lakho lishiye ilizwe lakho.
Ukuba utyhola iqabane lakho ngokutshata ngokufumana ikhadi eliluhlaza
Ngaphandle kwezohlwayo zenkqubo yoqhawulo-mtshato echazwe apha ngasentla, izityholo kunye nokuqinisekiswa okubandakanyekileyo kwisicelo soqhawulo mtshato kunokuba nefuthe kwiinkqubo zokufuduka. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlali wase-U.S uqinisekisa ukuba iqabane elingumntu wangaphandle langena emtshatweni ngobuxoki liyokuthatha “ikhadi eliluhlaza”, oku kuyakuchaphazela iinkqubo zokuhamba nangaliphi na inqanaba.
Kwangokunjalo, ukuba inkundla ifumanisa ukuba iqabane elifudukayo linetyala emtshatweni ongaphumelelanga, mhlawumbi ngokungathembeki, ukubetha, ukungabikho koncedo, kunokuba yingozi kwiinkqubo zokufuduka.
Ngokusisiseko, kuya kufuneka uphinde ucinge ngoqhawulo mtshato kuba uza kuxabisa umphambukeli ngaphezulu komtshato. Uya kumxabisa ngokuhlala kwakho kwilizwe lakho.