Umxholo
- Ukutshata kwasekuqaleni kunye nokukhulelwa
- Umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo
- Ukuzalwa ngakumbi kolutsha kunokwenzeka
- Ukusweleka koomama abakwishumi elivisayo xa kuzalwa
- Umngcipheko kusana xa uzala
- Umngcipheko ophakamileyo wee-STD
- Uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka
- Uxinzelelo lokutshata usemncinci
- Ukuyeka isikolo esikolweni
- Imithetho inokuwuthintela umtshato wolutsha
- Kungakhuselwa njani ukukhulelwa kolutsha
Ukukhulelwa kolutsha kubandakanya amava anzima kulutsha lwakho kunye nosapho lwakho okanye umntu omaziyo ohlangabezana nokukhulelwa kolutsha.
Umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo yingozi ezayo kwaye uza nemiceli mngeni eyahlukileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde malunga nomngcipheko wokukhulelwa kolutsha kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo zokujongana nokukhulelwa kunye neminye imiba enxulumene noko.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukukhulelwa kolutsha e-US kuye kwehla ukusukela ngeye-1990.
Ngokwe-National Campaign yokuThintela ukuFikisa nokuKhulelwa okungafunekiyo, ngo-2013 iqondo lokukhulelwa kwamantombazana akwishumi elivisayo aneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-19 ayengaphezulu nje kokuzalwa kwama-26 ngo-1 000.
Iindaba ezimbi zezokuba kusekho umngcipheko omninzi kumantombazana akwishumi elivisayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeleka, kwaye kukho imithetho eyenza umtshato wobuntwana ube nzima.
Ukutshata kwasekuqaleni kunye nokukhulelwa
Ukukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nokutshata kwasekuqaleni kunxibelelene kakubi.
Ukutshata kwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nokukhulelwa kuphazamisa ukufunda, ukunciphisa umsebenzi, kunye namathuba exesha elizayo kwaye kubeka amantombazana kumngcipheko owothusayo wosulelo lwe-HIV kunye nobundlobongela basekhaya.
Ngokucacileyo, umtshato wokuqala awulunganga.
Umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo
Buphi ubungozi bokukhulelwa kolutsha?
Uninzi lokukhulelwa kolutsha alucwangciswanga, kwaye amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo akalulungelanga uxanduva oluziswa kukukhulelwa. Nalu ushwankathelo lomngcipheko wokukhulelwa kolutsha.
Okokuqala nokuphambili, banokungayazi indlela yokuyikhathalela imizimba yabo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Uninzi lunokungazi iinyanga ezininzi ukuba lukhulelwe, okanye xa lufumanisa ukuba lukhulelwe lunokukufihla okwethutyana.
Oku kuthetha ukuba umama okhulelweyo okwishumi elivisayo usenokungathathi iivithamini rhoqo ngaphambi kokubeleka okanye afumane ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubeleka kugqirha.
Abanye banokuba nexhala ngeendleko, bengazi ukuba uninzi lwamazwe lubonelela ngeenkqubo zoomama abakwishumi elivisayo ukuba bafumane unyango.
Ngelishwa, ulutsha olukhulelweyo lusemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-preeclampsia ngexesha lokukhulelwa, elinokuthi libe nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yoomama abakwishumi elivisayo ukuba alithintelwa.
Umngcipheko wokukhulelwa okuncinci ukwabandakanya ukudakumba, i-anemia, kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wokugula ngengqondo.
Ezi zezinye zeengozi ezimbi zokukhulelwa kolutsha.
Ukuzalwa ngakumbi kolutsha kunokwenzeka
Oomama abakwishumi elivisayo abasele benosana olunye banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuba babe nomntwana wesibini ngexesha lokufikisa kwabo kunoomama abadala. Oku kunokuvakala kungaqhelekanga, kodwa ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo akuqhelekanga koomama abakwishumi elivisayo.
Lo ngumngcipheko obalulekileyo wokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nesiphumo esibuhlungu kumzali omncinci, otyhafileyo.
Ukusweleka koomama abakwishumi elivisayo xa kuzalwa
Kulabo bazala ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eli-15, ngelishwa, basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufa xa bebeleka kunabasetyhini abangama-20 +.
Inani liphezulu kakhulu-eneneni banamathuba amahlanu okufa.
Kumantombazana amadala akwishumi elivisayo aneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala, ikho nemingcipheko. Phantse ama-70,000 abakwishumi elivisayo abakhulelweyo kuloo minyaka yobudala bafa minyaka le ngenxa yeengxaki zokubeleka.
Umngcipheko kusana xa uzala
Oomama abakwishumi elivisayo badla ngokuzala ngaphambi kwexesha ngaphambi kokuba umntwana akulungele ukuzalwa.
Oku kwandisa amathuba okufa komntwana okanye eminye imiba ekuzalweni, njengokuphefumla, umbono kunye nokulibaziseka ekukhuleni.
Umngcipheko ophambili kwezonyango wokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo-oomama abakwishumi elivisayo nabo banamathuba okuba bazale abantwana abanesisindo esiphantsi sokuzalwa (abantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha banokuba ngabantwana abanesisindo esiphantsi sokuzalwa, kodwa kunjalo nangabanye abantwana abasisigxina).
Iintsana ezinesisindo sokuzalwa esisezantsi zihlala zinethuba elinzima lokuphumelela ekuzalweni kwaye zinokufuna uncedo olongezelelekileyo kwaye mhlawumbi nexesha kwiCandelo loKhathalelo lweNonatal.
Umngcipheko ophakamileyo wee-STD
Abaselula abelana ngesondo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana ii-STD, ezinokuthi zibeke emngciphekweni impilo yolutsha, kwaye ukuba umntwana ukhulelwe, i-STD inokumenzakalisa umntwana ngokunjalo.
Abakwishumi elivisayo abasebenza ngokwesondo kufuneka basebenzise iikhondom ukuthintela amathuba okufumana i-STD.
Uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka
Ukufumana uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokukhulelwa kolutsha.
Ngokutsho kweZiko loLawulo lwezifo, oomama abakwishumi elivisayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka. Bangaziva bebodwa, okanye bengalulungelanga olu tshintsho lobomi, kwaye bangazi ukuba banengxaki okanye balufumana phi uncedo.
Amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo azive edandathekile kufuneka athethe nogqirha malunga neendlela zokonyango ukuze bakwazi ukuzikhathalela ngcono iintsana zabo.
Uxinzelelo lokutshata usemncinci
Xa amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo ejongene nethuba lokuba nomntwana, zininzi iindlela onokuzijonga.
Ukuba abacingeli ngokunikezela ngosana, okanye abanakufumana nkxaso ekuncedeni ukukhulisa umntwana kubazali, intombazana inokuziva ikukuphela kwendlela yokutshata utata womntwana.
Ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha le mitshato yokufikisa isebenza ixesha elide, amaxesha amaninzi ayisebenzi.
Intombazana ekwishumi elivisayo ayinakululungela uxanduva lokukhathalela usana okanye ukuzibophelela emtshatweni. Ukuba utata naye usemncinci kakhulu, usenokungabi nawo amava okanye aqole ekuxhaseni ngokwasemalini nangokweemvakalelo umfazi omtsha nosana.
Ukuyeka isikolo esikolweni
Xa amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo ekhulelwa, enomntwana kwaye ade atshate, amaxesha amaninzi isikolo kunzima kakhulu ukuqhubeka.
Oomama abaninzi abakwishumi elivisayo baphela besishiya isikolo — mhlawumbi okuthetha ukuba banethuba nje elifutshane, kodwa okukhona bephuma ixesha elide esikolweni kunokuba nzima ukubuyela esikolweni.
Ngenxa yeemfuno ezininzi zosana olutsha kwaye mhlawumbi nomtshato omtsha, bajolise ngakumbi ekuxhaseni olu sapho lutsha kunokucinga ngemfundo ephezulu.
Imithetho inokuwuthintela umtshato wolutsha
Ngelixa abanye abazali abakwishumi elivisayo banokufuna ukutshata, imithetho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo inokwenza izinto zibe nzima kancinci.
Umzekelo, eAlabama kulutsha oluneminyaka eli-15-17 (zisa isatifikethi sokuzalwa), abazali kufuneka babekhona (benesazisi) kwaye banomyalelo wenkundla. Kwamanye amazwe, ubuncinci bobudala bokutshata yi-16.
Kwamanye amazwe, awudingi ukuba babekho abazali bakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyayifunda imithetho kwimeko yakho ukuze ukuqonde ngokupheleleyo okufunekayo kunye nokusikelwa umda kubudala.
Oomama abakwishumi elivisayo baquka icandelo elincinci labemi kwezi ntsuku kuneminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30 eyadlulayo, kodwa kwabo basabeleka besebatsha, mininzi imingcipheko.
Oomama abakwishumi elivisayo bajongene nemingcipheko ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeleka, kwaye umntwana ujongene nomngcipheko omkhulu. Kananjalo, oomama abakwishumi elivisayo banokufuna ukutshata abancinci, kwaye ke oko kunokubekelwa umda ngumthetho.
Kungakhuselwa njani ukukhulelwa kolutsha
Ukuthintela ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo kulutsha kufanele kube yinto ephambili. Imfundo nokwazisa ngomngcipheko wokukhulelwa kolutsha zizitshixo zokuthintela ukukhulelwa okungacetywanga.
Kukho iinkqubo ezisekwe kubungqina ezixhasa ngemali imibutho eqhuba ukuthintela ukukhulelwa kolutsha e-United States.
Ukuthintela ukukhulelwa kolutsha, kubalulekile ukuba amantombazana namakhwenkwe akwishumi elivisayo abenolwazi oluphangaleleyo lokuzibandakanya kwisondo, iindlela zokuthintela ukukhulelwa, iziphumo ezingenakuguqulwa zokukhulelwa okungacetywanga kunye nemingcipheko yokukhulelwa kolutsha.