Ukumisela abazali abamkelekileyo beenkedama kudala bekho kwiinkcubeko ezininzi.
E-USA, ukhathalelo lwempilo yabantwana lwamkelwa kuMthetho oMdaka waseNgilandi wokuthumela abantwana emakhayeni ukuze benze inkonzo engabanjwanga. Isakhiwo savela ngeendlela ezininzi kule minyaka ingamakhulu ambalwa izayo, kodwa abantwana basephantsi kohlobo oluthile lwenkonzo yokunyanzeliswa ngokuxhatshazwa nokuxhatshazwa.
Kwakungekho kude kwangoko nge-1900s ukuba urhulumente uthathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo ekubekweni kweliso kweemeko zekhaya kunye nomntwana. Namhlanje, emva kweminyaka elikhulu, umsebenzi awukapheli. Kusekho iimeko zokuphathwa gadalala nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana abaphantsi konakekelo lwabantwana.
Ngokwe-blog yanamhlanje yolutsha, iimeko zokuphathwa gadalala zikuluhlu lomnye wabantwana abathathu, ngelixa ibhlog efanayo isithi izifundo zangaphakathi zikaRhulumente zibonisa ukuba la manani asezantsi kwabantwana abangama-337. Abasithoba kwabalishumi abantwana abakhathalelo lokugcina abantwana banamava okuphathwa gadalala ngelixa bekwinkqubo. Ukuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana kuKhathalelo lwabantwana abangoMzali akumangalisi xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iingcambu zayo.
Ingxaki kukuba, ukuba uxhatshazo ekunyamekeleni abantwana abakhuliswa ngabantwana luphezulu ngendlela eyoyikisayo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukhathalelo lwabantwana abakhoyo alukho kwahlukile kunolo ludala.
Iimeko zokuphathwa gadalala kunye nokungakhathalelwa kukhathalelo lwabantwana kuluntu lwangoku
Ngokwamanani abo, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabantwana abakwi-Foster Care abahoywanga okanye baphathwa gadalala. Banga ukuba ngenxa yempembelelo yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo ezivela kolu xhatshazo, uninzi lwabantwana luphelela entolongweni, kushishino lokurhweba ngabantu ngesondo, okanye ekufeni kwasekuqaleni.
Umbutho wabo ongajonganga kwenza nzuzo uthatha indima yeenkonzo zabantwana kwaye uncede vet amakhaya afanelekileyo abantwana abakhuliswa ngelixa behlala phantsi kononophelo lwabo kude kufunyanwe elo khaya. Banamava okuzibonela matyala angaphaya kwama-5 000 abantwana abaxhatshaziweyo ngelixa bexhaswa ngurhulumente ngenkxaso yabantwana.
Iphepha elidala le-NCBI libonisa ukuba kwenye indawo eMidwestern USA (indawo enabemi abaninzi), Zili-125 iimeko zokuxhatshazwa kuKhathalelo lwabantwana abebekhulelwe ezaxelwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-18. Ukongeza la manani ngenani leenqila kuwo onke amaMelika aseMelika kwilizwe liphela, umndilili wabemi kwiphondo ngalinye, wandule ukuphinda-phinda ngo-6, emva koko iyakuba linani elothusayo kule minyaka ilithoba idlulileyo. Ubude bexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlala komntwana ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
Ukuba uthathela ingqalelo ubukho kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlala komntwana kwindawo yokugcina abantwana, Emva koko siphinda sifike kwithuba "elingaphezulu" elingama-90% lokufumana impatho-gadalala kwinkqubo yokukhathalela abantwana.
Ngelishwa, uphando alulandelwa kakuhle ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kodwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi aboneleyo.
Kwisifundo esahlukileyo esenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins, amanani abo abonisa ukuba abantwana kwiintsapho zokhathalelo lwabazali kunye nakumakhaya amaQela angama-4-28x amathuba okuba axhatshazwe ngokwesondo kunakuzo naziphi na ezinye iindlela kubandakanya nosapho lwabo lwangaphambili olungasebenziyo.
Kungaba yinto elula ukongeza la manani kulwaphulo-mthetho olwamiselwa ngaphambili "ngaphezulu kwe-90%" kwinkqubo yoKhathalelo lwabantwana, kodwa ke iyayixhasa ngokupheleleyo. IYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins, kuphononongo lwayo, ithi amathuba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo (uphononongo lwalugxile kuphela ekuxhatshazweni ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa) ubuncinci luphindwe kabini kunakwindawo esele ixhaphaziwe.
Ithathiwe kuloo ngqikelelo, ngokuqinisekileyo yalatha kwicala elinye nokuba ayinakufika ngokwezibalo.
Kwesinye isifundo esizimeleyo esibonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantwana abaluxeli uxhatshazo njengoko bengazi ngobunjani balo. Olu phononongo, olwaluphanda ngokwendalo, luzama ukususa isigqubuthelo sobumsulwa kwizenzo zesondo nokwenza ukuba abantwana bachaze izehlo ezithile ababethathe inxaxheba kuzo. Iziphumo zazothusa, ukutsho nje okuncinci, kwaye uninzi lwabantwana babandakanyeka kokunye. ngaphezu kwesiganeko esinye.
Ukuba uninzi lweziganeko aluxelwanga ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya nokukhuliswa ngokugwenxa kwabantwana abaphantsi koononophelo bakholelwa ekubeni ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo buthathwa njengesiqhelo. Siphinda sifike kolunye uphononongo sifika kwisigqibo esifanayo nesicebisayo "ngaphezulu kwe-90%".
Izifundo ezine ezahlukileyo ezivela kwiziko likarhulumente, kwizifundo, ezingenzi nzuzo, kunye nombutho ozimeleyo oqhuba izifundo ngee-engile ezahlukeneyo kukhathalelo lwabantwana abakhuliswa ngabazali konke oku kukhokelela kumfanekiso omnye omkhulu kuyaphazamisa.
Unonophelo lwale mihla lokugcina abantwana ikwayeso sithuthi sinye sokuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, iinjongo zazintle, kwaye uninzi lwenkxaso kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo zokuguqula inkqubo lwenziwa ukuyiphucula. Nangona kunjalo, isilela ngokufutshane, imfutshane kakhulu.
Ukuxela ukwenzeka gadalala kukhathalelo lwabantwana
Le meko ilusizi kwaye iyadeleleka, kodwa ayinakulindeleka ukuba itshintshe kuba nokuba uxinzelelo lukhokelela ekufeni, kwaye kukho amanye, amanani ngokwawo kwangqinwa ukuba akathembekanga.
Inani elingathembekiyo kunye namanani amadala luphawu olucacileyo lwengxaki yenkqubo. Kukubonisa ukuba urhulumente akazi (okanye akhathalele) malunga nezinto ezenzeka kubantwana abaphantsi konakekelo lwabazali. Amanani okufa angenakuthenjwa phantsi kononophelo olufanayo nokungazi (okanye ukungakhathali) kutheni kukho abantwana abaswelekileyo esibhedlele.
Kuyinyani ukuba iinkonzo zokhathalelo lwabantwana azigcini nokujonga ukuba kwenzeka ntoni na kubantwana ababelwe iintsapho zabantwana. Kukuhanahanisa okusulungekileyo ukuthatha abantwana kwiintsapho ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ubaphose kwinkqubo engasebenzi ngakumbi ukugcina nje imisebenzi yabo.
Ukuba bazokuphikisana ngenye indlela, baya kuthi ubuncinci bazi ukuba bangaphi abantwana abaphantsi kwetyala labo abaswelekileyo kwaye ngoba. Ngenxa yohlobo lwenkonzo kwaye iyimbali emnyama, iyaqondakala into yokuba ipesenti ethile yabantwana iyakuxhatshazwa kuKhathalelo lwabantwana. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, oko kuyenzeka kwiintsapho zabo, kutheni abazali abakhulisayo bengafani.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungazi ukuba bangaphi abantwana abaswelekileyo, ingaphezulu kokujonga nje. Ukuphathwa gadalala kukhathalelo lokugcina abantwana kungagutyungelwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ukufa kwahlukile. Ukufa kuyaqinisekiswa kwaye ungazi ukuba umntwana usweleke ngelixa ephantsi kweliso labo kungaphezulu kokuxhatshazwa ngokuziphatha gwenxa kunye nokungahoywa kolwaphulo-mthetho, kubi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuxela ukuphathwa gadalala kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuboneleleni indawo ekhuselekileyo kubantwana abanabazali abakwaziyo ukuba babakhathalele.